Seborrhoeic Dermatitis (Oily Eczema)

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (oily eczema) is a common skin condition seen especially in areas rich in sebaceous glands, running a chronic, relapsing course with redness and flaking. It appears most often on the scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, inside and behind the ears, the beard area and the central chest.

The most prominent findings are oily or dry flaking, crusting, redness, itching and an occasional feeling of tenderness. It may begin as heavy flaking of the scalp, while in more severe cases thick crusting and marked redness can develop.

The exact cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis is not fully known. However, genetic predisposition, an increase in the yeast Malassezia naturally present on the skin, and changes in the immune system and skin barrier are thought to play a part together. Stress, fatigue and seasonal changes can trigger flares.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is not contagious and does not stem from poor personal hygiene. It can affect not only the scalp but also other oil-gland-rich areas such as the face and trunk.

The diagnosis is usually made by dermatological examination. However, because it can be confused in some patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, rosacea or other skin conditions, careful differential diagnosis is important.

Treatment is planned according to the location and severity of the condition. Special shampoos, creams and, where deemed necessary, oral medications may be used.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis can cause concern in some patients over the belief that it causes hair loss. The condition itself does not usually lead to permanent hair loss; however, temporary shedding can occur due to intense inflammation and scratching. With appropriate treatment, this shedding usually improves.