Contact Allergy (Allergic Contact Dermatitis)

Contact allergy (allergic contact dermatitis) is a type of eczema that arises from a delayed-type allergic reaction the immune system develops against a substance the skin has touched. In the areas in contact with the allergy-causing substance, redness, itching, dryness, scaling, cracking and sometimes small fluid-filled blisters can be seen.

Contact allergy does not always appear on first contact. Even if a person has used the same product or substance without problems for years, they can develop an allergy to it over time. For this reason, the possibility of contact allergy should always be considered in eczema that starts later and recurs.

Among the most common allergy-causing substances are nickel and other metals, fragrances, cosmetic products, hair dyes, preservatives, rubber, adhesives, some topical medications and herbal-based products. Occupational exposures are also an important cause of contact allergy.

Allergic contact dermatitis can be confused with irritant contact dermatitis (irritation eczema) caused by frequent hand washing, detergents and chemical substances. Because the treatment and prevention approaches for these two conditions can differ, an accurate diagnosis is very important.

The basis of treatment is stopping contact with the allergy-causing substance. In addition, moisturisers that strengthen the skin barrier and, where necessary, topical or systemic treatments may be used. With an accurate diagnosis and appropriate preventive measures, complaints can be brought successfully under control in the great majority of patients.