Itching (Pruritus)

Itching (pruritus) is one of the most common reasons for visits to dermatology clinics. It is not a condition in itself but can be a sign of many skin conditions or some systemic diseases. Applying treatments aimed only at relieving the symptom, without correctly identifying the cause of the itching, often fails to provide a lasting solution.

Itching can be seen in many skin conditions such as eczema, urticaria, fungal infections, scabies, insect bites, psoriasis and lichen planus. In addition, kidney and liver disease, thyroid disease, iron deficiency, some blood disorders, certain medications, neuropathy due to nerve involvement, psychological factors such as stress and anxiety, and even some cancers can cause widespread itching. Investigating underlying systemic causes is particularly important in long-standing itching that develops without an obvious rash.

Itching can significantly affect quality of life. Constant scratching can cause irritation, sores, infections and, over time, thickening of the skin. It can also lead to sleep disturbance, difficulty concentrating and a marked loss of everyday comfort.

A detailed patient history and dermatological examination are very important in assessing itching. Where needed, additional methods such as dermoscopic examination, fungal testing, skin biopsy or laboratory tests are used to investigate the cause.

Treatment is planned according to the cause of the itching. Correctly treating the underlying condition is the most effective approach to bringing the itching under control. In addition, moisturisers that strengthen the skin barrier, topical treatments, oral medications and, where deemed necessary, more advanced treatment options may be used.

For itching that is long-standing, severe, wakes the person from sleep at night or has no explainable cause, seeing a dermatologist is important so that any underlying cause can be detected early.